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Abstract
Refuge and
Displacement
migration and
its
developmental
impact
By
professor :
Naieem Alghali
Forced
migration is
considered to be
one of the most
important issues
that faces
humanity in
general and the
developing world
in particular .
It expresses the
sufferings of
over 25million
refugee due to
natural
disasters or
armed conflicts
which cause the
emergence of
poverty and
deprivation for
millions of
people who fled
their homes and
areas of
residence in
fear of death.
Though
forced migration
was and an old
phenomena
escalated in
times of wars
and disaster
natural and
economic ones,
yet it current
mode expresses a
grave disability
in efforts of
governments and
international
organizations to
guarantee peace
and security and
means of decent
living for
millions of
refugees.
Africa alone
have over 25% of
the total number
of world
refugees,
majority of whom
are concentrated
in the greater
lake area
(Rwanda,
Burundi, Congo,
Uganda, and
Tanzania) and
the Horne of
Africa
(Djibouti,
Eritrea,
Ethiopia,
Somalia, and
Sudan) plus the
Guinean Gulf
(Ivory cost,
Guinea, Sirloin,
and Liberia) all
these places
have 6.7 million
refugee some of
whom reside
inside the
countries of
origin and the
rest are forced
to leave their
countries
towards
neighboring
regions.
Though there
are variety of
reasons
motivating
refugee in the
continent, yet
factors of
conflicts
(political,
religious, and
ethnical) in
addition to
natural
disasters such
as drought,
locust, and out
break of
epidemics are
considered to be
the most
important
motives to
refugee.
Since the
wave of
displacement and
forced migration
are emanating
from disaster
stricken areas
and other areas
which are in
themselves poor
and unable to
achieve economic
development due
to total
weakness in
indicators of
social and
economic
development,
this resulted in
further widening
the abbess of
backwardness in
these areas and
increased its
degree till it
has become the
most backward
area from
development
indicators on
level of
education
(illiteracy)
health (lack of
health care)
reproductivity
(increase of
birth rate and
mortality of
young
infants)all this
led to the
weakness of
indicators of
human
development and
thus made it to
be a stooge.
This
study depends on
maps,
categorization
shown by the
data show system
And on the
latest
statistical
reports issued
by international
organizations
who have direct
contacts with
refugee problem
such as UNHCR ,
UNDP, and other
various data
base information
so as to address
the issue of
refuge and
displacement in
Africa and its
developmental
impacts.
The
research shows
the dialectical
problem between
the case of
refuge and
displacement in
its broader
concept in the
continent .
It is well
known that most
of the African
countries in
southern Sahara
are suffering
from acute
deficiency in
their monetary
and commercial
balance, this
compels them to
negatively
exploit their
natural
resources to
meet this
deficiency and
also to meet the
growing needs of
their
inhabitants ,
and even to pay
the multiplied
interest rate of
foreign debt
.This dark
picture gets
even worse with
the influx of
million of
refugees and
those lacking
education ,
orientation
,health care and
proper housing,
This
study raises
some questions
such :-
·
What are the
motives of
these greater
waves of refuge
and displacement
in Africa?
·
Which are the
most affected
areas ?
·
How did refuge
migration affect
(negatively) in
efforts of
achieving
development in
the continent?
·
How did refuge
manage to
decrease the
standard of
human
development ?
·
Are solutions in
the hands of the
international
humanitarian
organizations or
in adoption of
self
initiatives for
eliminating the
root cause of
refuge and
displacement and
by investing
manpower to
achieve
comprehensive
development?
This is
composed of the
following points
:-
- Motives and
postulations of
refuge and
displacement in
Africa .
·
Disaster
·
Ethical
conflicts .
·
Economical
postulations
(poverty and
displacement )
·
Political
motives
- region of
refuge and
displacement in
Africa .
·
Horn of Africa
region .
·
Greater lakes
region .
·
Guinean gulf
region
Development
impacts of the
phenomena of
refuge and
displacement in
Africa.
·
Demographic
indicators
·
Health and
education
indicators
·
Human
development
indicators
Solutions:
between
disability of
international
organizations
and
potentialities
of self
solution.
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